Construction of radiators for cooling the circulating water in explosion-motors



C. CUAU. CONSTRUCTION 0F RADIATOIIS FOB COOLING THE CIRCULATING WATER INEXPLOSION MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILE'I) MAR. I2, I918.

Patented Sept. 21, 1920."

CL CUAU. CONSTRUCTION OF RADIATORS FOR COOLING THE CIRCULATING WATER INEXPLOSION MOTORS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 12. 1918.

1,353,322, 7 PatentedSeDt. 21, 1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2- i; a: a a? C. CUAU. cousmucnou 0F RADIATORS'FORCOOLING THE CIRCULATING WATER IN EXPLOSION MOTORS.

I APPLICATION HLED MAR. 12, ISIS.

1,353,322. I 1 Patentease t.21,1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

C. CUAU. CONSTRUCTION OF RADIATORS FOR COOLING THE CIRCULATING WATER INEXPLOSION MOTORS.

. APPLICATION FILED MAR.I2,I9I8. I v 1,353,322. Y PatentedSpt, 21,1920.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5- Fig.6?-

U ITE- STATE-S cnAaLEs'ounU, orrnnrs, FRANCE.

QON STRUCTION or RADIATORS ron COOLING THE CIRCULATING'WATEIR; EXPLQ,

- Explosion-Motors, ofwhich the followingv is both the weight.ofthemetalof a radiator andrthe. weightof the cooling water, thusenabling a radiator to be:bui'lt which is. ex-: cellently adapted forflying 7 machine. en-

gine's. ..To that end, the radiating. elements have extremely thin wallsand. these walls have. only narrow. spaces between them .for thecirculationofthe water. Yet the walls are strong, enough to withstandasufficient internal pressure and ,on the other hand, yield to external:pressure,without however,

. Y by their mutual approach undersuch pres- .tion'of the water. e

In the drawing Figure 1 illustrates approximatelyten times full; size atransverse section of the lateral border ofa'radiating element; F ig.2illustrates .a; distributor; Figs. 3, 4. and 5 illustrate respectivelyin front, side and plan view further. modificasure forming anobstruction to the circula- :tions; Figs. 6 and 7 show details .ofconstruction; Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are similar views 'as Figs. 3, 4 and5showing other modifications. I .1 I i V.

. According to Fig. 1, the corrugated metal stay-sheet ,1 is fastened toa continuous wall sheet 3, by which it is surrounded. Abollow frame-2.of thin'inetal (four-tenths of a millimeter) is soldered to the externalsurface of the wall 3. The soldering between.

thevarioussheetsmayrbe readily elfected by lining the wall-sheet 3 witha thin sheet of tin. The assembled parts while being maintained'in theirrelative positions are-then brought to'a suitable temperature until thecontacting surfaces 7 are soldered to; each other. "In order toinsurereturn circulation in the radiating elements use fis'inade ofsocalled:distributers 7," form ed of thin metal SIGN-MOTORS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

tubular plate.

r'at a as flala. ae

" J Application filed March 12, 1918. Serial No.; 221,907'Q (3/10 orl/1O of a and soldered both to the wall 3.,andthe' frame-member 2aslshown.1n, cross-section-inFig. 2. l

The [edges of. these .distributers .are tapered. a The distributerswhen'seen laterally. have anelongated trapezoidal form as shown in sideelevationv in Fig. 3,. where the enveloping-Wall, 3 is so, shaped thatwith its inlet-dis- 131:1b11l381'. 8. (rear of, the. radiator)and-outletdistrlbuter 9 (front of the radiator) it pre v Sen'ts arectangular form seen from the side.

' The distributers -8, and 9 arethereforelike flat tubesof decreasingcross-section,.their maximum-width being at the upper end and H1611,II11I11I,I111111 widthat the lower. end.

"This upper par't of thedistributers 8,9 which part assumes the shapeof.a tube oftri- These collectors d and 5-consistat ,the lower part of .atubular .platejperforated angular cross sectionentersfthe inletcollector 4-and outletcollectorfi respectively (see with openingsregularly spaced into'which the distributing tubes 8, 9 enter, the saidtubes being preferably soldered to thetsaid The distributers8-,placedjat-the rear of the radiator (which is the lowest part whenthe. air-craftis on thexground, theradiator i being placedeunder thefuselage or under the wlngs) are extended dowward by a discharge'tube ll(Fig. 3) "which is integral with thedistributer and the wall of whichopposite to, the tapered edge is'closed by a preferably; solderedfastening.

All discharge tubes are united by a draintied no. matter-on what sidethe 'air-craft leans on the ground. V. Y 1 r "The w'ater-inletnozzle- 4andqoutlet noz zle 5-.feeding the collectors may be ofv any suitableform; and-arrangement.

'In theconstructions illustrated '3, 4:.and 5, the nozzles arepreferably soldered 'ingcollector ,,l2, tapered-so as to reduce its 7resistance :to forward motion. I This collecto'r carries drain plugs-13at .each extremity, so that the radiatormay be completely emp-' onto-the cover. 14 (Fig.'6) of the collectors. 1

The circulation of the water in the radia-' tor may-be effected eitherin series orin parallel. v l

In the first case the .water admission nozzle and the water outletnozzle are arranged on the same collector (front collector) as i seen inthe construction shown in full lines in Figs. 3, 4 and 5.

The collector bearing the nozzles is then 'divided' 'into twoindependent compartments by a partition 6 (Fig.5).

In order to allow, with this connection, of, the complete evacuation ofair from' the rear" collector having no nozzle, an air scavenger 15 isarranged on the said collector (Figs. 3,4and5). Y

Since hydraulic connection causes considerable losses of pressure,because of the length of the path traveled 'by thewater in the radiatorand the numerous changes of direction of the stream lines, it ispreferable to arrange nozzles on each collector the water-inlet nozzles4 being placed on the rear collector, as shown in dotted lines inFigs'.,3, 4 and 5, and the water-outlet nozzles 5 being,placed on thefront collector. In that way the water circulates in the radiatingelementsconnected .in parallel in the opposite direction, .to thecurrentof the cooling air, and the losses of head in-the radiator are reducedto a minimum because the connecting of the radiating elements inparallel in such'away as to form a radiating bundle.

The'elements of- :these bundles might however vibrate in a violentcurrent ofair. To obviate this, and" to keep the elements properlyspaced, corrugated staybands 16 are preferably soldered at'appropriateplaces on v the frame members 2 of the radiating elements (Figs. 3,4,5,8,19 and 10) 1 In order to protect the elements against shock, theexternal-surfaces 3 of the two outer elements (Figsg4, 5, 8, 9 and 10)instead of consisting of a sheet of extremely thin metal (5/100 of a"millimeter), are

formed of a comparatively thick sheet of metal (4/10 of a millimeter)whichreplaces in the construction of the radiating element one of itswalls 3. Thewall 3'- is soldered directly to the corrugated staysheet 1. The internal surface v3 of the outer radiating. elements ismade, likethe other elements, of a bundle, of extremely thin metalv Topreventthe radiating elements from being torn by projections of theground or by stones at the time oftaking flight, a

guard plate 17 (Figs. 3, 5, 8 and 10) may be placed under the radiatingbundle, and

a similar guard plate 18 may be arranged above the bundle.

' For the sake ofclearness in the drawing, the upper guard plate isassumed to re moved in Figs. 4 and 9, which enables the radiating bundleto be seen in plan with the upper stay band 16. I The protected lateralelements may be stiffened by meansjof profile ribs 19 preferablysoldered to the sheets 3, these ribs being of wide internal crosssection for the passage of air (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 8, 9,

In Fig.3, the. ribs-19am only'shown dotted. i a By way ofexample,'twotypes of mounting the radiators have been illustrated; 2 jThe first type, whichis intended forthe purpose of being mounted underthe keelson of the aircraft, is illustrated insideelevation in Fig. 3,in plan in Fig.4, and in front elevation in Fig. 5. As seen in thesefigures, the radiatoris fixed by lugs 20, riveted and soldered to theextremity of theycolle'ctors and connected by bolts 21 Ltozother fixinglugs 22, practically integral withthe longitudinal supports 23. i 3

'The mounting is done in such a way that the undersides of the collectori4, 5 are flush with thelower part of the supports23, the

collectors being thus completely sheltered in the interior of thefuselage of the aircraft, so that the'pait of the'radiator exposed tothecooling air may. consist exclusively of the radiating nest of taperedele ments ofiering'a minimum resistance toforward motion. The keelson ofthe aircraft is closed above the radiator by theH'guard plate 18. 1 y

The second type, intended to be mounted either under the keelson orunderthe win ofthe aircraft is shown inside elevation m Fig.8, in plan inFig. 9 and in front eleva tion in Fig. 10. T I Here, the radiator issuspended by means of collars 24 passing under'the collectors'4,

5 and on a cross bar 25 which-is .fixed' to the keelson of the aircraft.The detailsof 'thearrangement of the collars 24 and the bar 25 above thecollectors 4,5 is shownin Fig.6. i

In certain cases the radiator may also be suspended under. the wing bymeans of a locking device passing under thecollectors 4, .5, the ribs ofthe Wing being suitably notched, to enable the collectors to be lodgedand screened in the wing. -i

' The tubes 26'shown in Figs. 6, 8,9, 10 are not indispensable to thesatisfactory working of the radiator. One :of' these tubes is placed atthe Water-inlet'4 and the other at thewater-outlet 5 They are"forthexpurpose ofenablinga differentialpressure gage to :1 be coupled,and "the losses in hydraulic pressure indicated by this apparatusenables the amount of circulating Water to be ascertained, a previouscalibration having of course been provided.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United Statesis 1. A radiator element comprising radiating Walls of extremely thinsheet metal, a corrugated metal sheet fastened thereto,

preferably by solder, forming an internal stay-sheet, and bordersholding the said Walls and sheet together.

2. A radiator element as specified in claim dered to the outer surfacesof the said Walls Y parallel to the corrugations of the internal 1stay-sheet.

In testimony WhereofI have aflixed my V signature in presence of twoWitnesses.

CHARLES CUAU.

Witnesses:

MARoEL GUILLEMOT,

CHAS. 'P. PRESSLY.

